Globalization's impact on the environment is best described as:

• A. Always negative
• B. No impact
• C. It can produce both environmental benefits and harms depending on policy and practice
• D. Always positive

Answer: (C)

Globalization shapes the environment in both directions: it can spread cleaner technologies, raise standards, and encourage sustainable practices through trade, investment, and shared knowledge, while also increasing resource extraction, transport emissions, and pollution if rules are weak or aimed only at short-term gains. The key idea is that whether the environmental impact is positive or negative depends on policy and practice—strong environmental regulations, enforcement, and responsible business conduct can amplify the benefits of globalization, whereas lax regulations and unsustainable quick fixes can magnify the harms. Examples include diffusion of renewable energy tech and cleaner production methods across borders, contrasted with increased shipping, deforestation, and pollution when regulations are weak or governance is poor.